Fulltext:
English Title:
Text Analysis of Primary School Regulations in Germany- Take the School Regulations of 20 Contemporary Primary Schools as an Example
Volume & Issue:
Article Type :
Chinese Abstract:
研究目的
校規作為學校生活的基本準則，其不僅僅是文字規章，更重要的是背後所反映的教育理念、在此理念下所營造出來的學校文化，以及因此所形塑的學校生活空間。本研究針對德國20所小學的校規加以分析，指出其在形式與內容上所展現出來的各種校規樣貌，藉此進一步思考校規之根本意涵。
研究設計/方法/取徑
本研究透過文本分析與字詞出現頻率的計算，針對校規的形式與內容加以分析。就形式而言，分析的是校規的呈現方式、校規的制定者、敘述主體、敘述口氣與書寫方式等;就內容而言，關注的是校規的規範的目的、規範的重點、規範的對象與懲罰方式。除了就上述面向進行分析之外，最後也針對校規所展現的校園與學生想像加以闡釋。
研究發現或結論
就形式而言，德國小學校規多半以條列式或敘述式呈現。敘說語氣除了命令式之外，也有許多學校採取第一人稱的方式加以敘述，展現出以學生為主體的精神;就內容而言，校規所重視的是，學生在學校共營生活所須遵守的基本準則，尤其是下課時間的互動規則與衝突處理方式。綜合而言，德國校規所呈現的校園想像中，遊玩是學生的生活重心，而所期待的學生品格，則是公民社會成員的基本要求。
研究原創性/價值
過去與校規相關的研究，多半是從法律的角度出發，而較少從校規文本所呈現的形式與內容之意義加以討論。此是本研究的重要價值。
教育政策建議或實務意涵
校規的訂定與內容，展現了教育的基本思考。而校規所規範內容，不僅是學生行為的取向，也共同塑造了校園文化。去權威化的校園文化是民主時代的共識，德國某些學校校規所展現的作法有值得借鏡之處。
Abstract:
Purpose
As the basic rule of school life, school regulations are not only written rules, but more importantly, the educational philosophy reflected behind it, the school culture created under this philosophy, and the school living space shaped by it. This research analyzes the school regulations of 20 elementary schools in Germany, and points out the various characters of school regulations, in form and in content. With the hope to inspire the educational staff to further think about the fundamental meaning of school regulations.
Design/methodology/approach
This research analyzes the form and content of school regulations through text analysis and calculation of the frequency of words. In terms of form, it analyzes the presentation of school regulations, the maker of the school regulations, the way of and the tone of narration, etc.; in terms of content, it focuses on the purpose of the school regulations, the main points of the regulations, the objects regulated and the punishment. In addition to these, it also illuminates the imaginations about the school and the student implicated in the school regulations.
Findings/results
In terms of form, German elementary school regulations are mostly presented in an orderly or narrative style. In addition to the imperative tone of narration, many schools also adopt the first-person approach to narrate, showing the spirit of taking students as the main body; as far as the content is concerned, the school regulations pay attention to the basic rules that students must abide by in the school, especially the interactive rules and conflict handling ways during rest time. In summary, in the school imagination presented by German school regulations, play is the focus of students' lives, and the expected model of student is the basic requirement of a civil society members.
Originality/value
In the past, most studies related to school regulations conducted from a legal perspective, and seldom discussed the meaning of the form and content presented in the school regulations text. This is the important value of this research.
Suggestions/implications
The formulation and content of the school regulations demonstrate the basic beliefs in educational values. School regulations are not only the behavior orientation of student, but also shapes the campus culture together. The de-authoritative campus culture is the consensus of the democratic era, and the practices shown by some school regulations in Germany are worthy of reference.
Author:
Author Description:
Professor, Department of International and Comparative Education, National Chi- Nan University.
APA:
Yu, H. W. (2022). Text Analysis of Primary School Regulations in Germany- Take the School Regulations of 20 Contemporary Primary Schools as an Example. Contemporary Educational Research Quarterly, 30(2), 87-124.
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